Knowing What We Know

November 1, 2022

The Guardian's Ireland correspondent, Carroll chronicles the IRA's attempt to assassinate Margaret Thatcher in October 1984 in There Will Be Fire. Published on Israel's 75th anniversary, two-time National Jewish Book Award winner Gordis's Impossible Takes Longer considers whether Israel's founders achieved their goal of creating a national homeland that would transform Jewish life (60,000-copy first printing). In 1742, a ship landed on Brazil's coast with 30 starving men feted as survivors of the wrecked British warship the Wager--until three months later, when three stragglers on another ship landing in Chile claimed the Wager's men were mutineers; from the No. 1 New York Times best-selling Grann (Killers of the Flower Moon). Chair of medieval history at King's College, London, Heather offers new reasons why Christendom grew from a tiny sect persecuted within foundering fourth-century CE Rome to the religion dominating Europe 1,000 years later. Celebrated Czech novelist Kundera, who has lived in France since 1975, argues that the "small nations" of Europe--e.g., Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Ukraine--are culturally rooted in Europe and under Soviet rule constituted A Kidnapped West (40,000-copy first printing). Following the LJ-starred The Crown in Crisis, which chronicled the Abdication Crisis of 1936, British historian Larman's The Windsors at War moves on to King George VI and the conflict within the Windsor family during World War II as the Duke of Windsor cozied up to Hitler (40,000-copy first printing). From leading South African political commentator Malala, The Plot To Save South Africa covers the 1993 assassination of Nelson Mandela's prot�g� Chris Hani by a white supremacist hoping to ignite a war, even as Mandela had begun power-sharing discussions with President FW de Klerk. Good-bye, Eastern Europe broadly documents the region briefly called Eastern Europe, moving from pre-Christian times through the great empires (Ottoman, Hapsburg, and Russian), the rise of communism and fascism, and the post-Soviet era to Russia's invasion of Ukraine; A Polish-born contributor to the Atlantic, has a PhD in Eastern European history from Berkeley (25,000-copy first printing). Granted special access by Queen Elizabeth II to her parents' letters and diaries and to the papers of close friends and family, Smith, the New York Times best-selling author of Elizabeth the Queen, aims to show how a loving marriage helped George VI and Elizabeth lead a nation through war (50,000-copy first printing). From Simon, a former senior director for Middle Eastern and North African Affairs on the National Security Council, Grand Delusion tracks the four decades of oil-driven U.S. involvement in the Middle East, begun by the Reagan administration and moving through Desert Storm (which he challenges) to the Obama administration's step back. The acclaimed Winchester leaps nimbly from cuneiform writings through Gutenberg to Google and Wikipedia as he examines Knowing What We Know--that is, how we acquire, retain, and pass on information--and how technology's current capability to do those things for us might be threatening our ability to think (100,000-copy first printing).

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February 27, 2023
Winchester’s erudite and discursive latest history (after Land) aims “to tell the story of how knowledge has been passed from its vast passel of sources into the equally vast variety of human minds, and how the means of its passage have evolved over the thousands of years of human existence.” He begins with a thorough examination of the very concept of knowledge, from its first recorded appearance (spelled cnawlece) in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles of 963 CE to T.S. Eliot’s 1934 play The Rock, which today’s information scientists view as a key touchstone in the modern theory of knowledge. From there, Winchester examines the education of children; sites of knowledge, including libraries and museums; formats for dispensing information, such as books, photographs, television, and the internet; types of manipulation, including propaganda and public relations; devices that assist human knowledge (calculators, GPS, artificial intelligence); and geniuses and polymaths like 11th-century Chinese scholar Shen Gua, who realized “the usefulness of the magnetic compass,” and 19th-century British Army soldier James Beale, “a prescient campaigner for pan-African freedom.” Though Winchester gathers fascinating and varied examples from throughout history and around the world, they don’t necessarily add up to a cohesive thesis. Still, it’s a stimulating cabinet of wonders. Photos.

March 15, 2023
A study of the problematic nature of wisdom. Prolific historian Winchester brings his insatiable curiosity to a wide-ranging examination of how humans have acquired, retained, and passed on knowledge from ancient times to the information-saturated present. Drawing on abundant research and autobiographical reflections on personal experiences of learning, the author creates an engaging narrative populated by a vast array of individuals, including philosophers, religious figures, polymaths, inventors, and researchers from all over the world: Confucius and Aristotle, Charles Babbage and Thomas Babington Macaulay; Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Tim Berners-Lee, to name a few. Winchester examines the development of writing systems, the evolution of scrolls into books, and the various innovations for storing knowledge that have taken the form of encyclopedias, libraries, and museums. He considers the impacts of the inventions of paper, the printing press, and newspapers as well as the spread of misinformation and suppression of information by governments or political factions. Not surprisingly, he devotes much attention to computers, first demonstrated to an amazed public in 1968; the invention of hypertext; the founding of the World Wide Web; the release of Wikipedia in 2001; and the strides being made in artificial intelligence. Winchester's overriding concern is the future of thinking: "If machines will acquire all our knowledge for us and do our thinking for us, then what, pray, is the need for us to be?" If GPS makes map-reading an antiquated skill, if Wikipedia makes retaining information unnecessary, if calculators do our math problems, what happens to the capacity of our minds? "How, in sum, do we value the knowledge that, thanks to the magic of electronics, is now cast before us in so vast and ceaseless and unstoppable a cascade?" asks the author. "Amid the torrent and its fury, what is to become of thought--care and calm and quiet thoughtfulness? What of our own chance of ever gaining wisdom? Do we need it?" Erudite, digressive, and brimming with fascinating information.

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Starred review from March 15, 2023
Winchester's oeuvre is a testament to his abiding interest in history, human innovation, and his distinctive ability to share his insatiable curiosity with enthusiastic readers. He has written engagingly about etymology, engineering, explorers, and inventors as well as maps, oceans, rivers, land, earthquakes, and volcanoes. Such polymathic inquisitiveness makes Winchester the ideal guide to explore the history of knowledge and its transmission through the centuries. Winchester's sheer joy in imparting what he learns is evident on every page, reminding the reader that knowledge was once predominantly employed as a verb. Winchester's ebullient style and countless irresistible anecdotes and strange facts inspire the reader to knowledge for themselves. We explore the origin, nature, and types of curiosity, track the founding of the earliest libraries and the destruction of these temples of knowledge by disasters natural and man-made. We trace the evolution of paper and are reminded that the Latin word for a tree's inner bark is liber. We follow information dissemination from Gutenberg to newspapers to Google to propaganda and fake news. Finally, in this technology-saturated world, we must ponder Winchester's existential query, "If our brains no longer have need of knowledge, and if we have no need because the computers do it all for us, then what is human intelligence good for?" Essential reading.

COPYRIGHT(2023) Booklist, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.